Django数据库模型生成数据表

django是通过ORM访问数据库的，所以，它需要自己定义数据模型。

打开相应app/models.py

class UserMessage(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"名字", max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name=u"邮箱地址")
    address = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"联系地址", max_length=100)
    message = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"留言", max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u'用户记录'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

定义字段，字段类型，长度，描述名。
除了上诉的字符类型，还有以下的数据类型可以定义

__all__ = [str(x) for x in (
    'AutoField', 'BLANK_CHOICE_DASH', 'BigIntegerField', 'BinaryField',
    'BooleanField', 'CharField', 'CommaSeparatedIntegerField', 'DateField',
    'DateTimeField', 'DecimalField', 'DurationField', 'EmailField', 'Empty',
    'Field', 'FieldDoesNotExist', 'FilePathField', 'FloatField',
    'GenericIPAddressField', 'IPAddressField', 'IntegerField', 'NOT_PROVIDED',
    'NullBooleanField', 'PositiveIntegerField', 'PositiveSmallIntegerField',
    'SlugField', 'SmallIntegerField', 'TextField', 'TimeField', 'URLField',
    'UUIDField',
)]

在<path-to-your-project>/settings.py
添加自己的app到INSTALLED_APPS

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'message',
]

然后运行命令

manage.py@opencourse > makemigrations message
Migrations for 'message':
  0001_initial.py:
    - Create model UserMessage
Following files were affected 
 /g/project/opencourse/apps/message/migrations/0001_initial.py
Process finished with exit code 0
manage.py@opencourse > migrate message
migrate message /g/project/opencourse"
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: message
Running migrations:
  Rendering model states... DONE
  Applying message.0001_initial... OK

Process finished with exit code 0

这个时候就可以看到数据库已经生成了一个新的表：

MySQL [opencourse]> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_opencourse       |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
| message_usermessage        |
+----------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [opencourse]> desc message_usermessage;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name    | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email   | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| address | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| message | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [opencourse]> 

除此之外，还可以定义索引，自定义表名等。

##参考资料

Model field reference
Model Meta options